Introduction — Why setup matters
A hardware wallet is only as secure as the setup process you follow. Ledger devices (Nano X, Nano S) keep private keys offline, but mistakes during initialization — such as recording your recovery phrase unsafely, using a tampered device, or installing unofficial software — can expose your crypto. This guide focuses on practical, actionable steps to initialize your Ledger device from a clean start using the official Ledger.com/Start portal. Follow these steps carefully to protect your assets.
1. Unbox and verify physical integrity
Inspect packaging for signs of tampering. Ledger ships devices with tamper-evident seals and distinct packaging; only buy from Ledger or authorized resellers. If anything looks suspicious, do not proceed — contact Ledger support immediately.
2. Use the official start portal
Navigate directly to ledger.com/start — bookmarking it for future reference. The official portal links you to Ledger Live downloads and provides device-specific instructions. Avoid links sent via unsolicited email or chat, which are common phishing vectors.
3. Install Ledger Live (desktop or mobile)
Ledger Live is the official companion app for managing accounts, installing coin apps, and applying firmware updates. Download it only from the Ledger site: Ledger Live downloads. After installation, Ledger Live walks you through setting up a new device or restoring an existing wallet.
4. Choose a PIN and device PIN hygiene
When prompted, create a PIN directly on the device using the device buttons—never type your PIN into a computer. Choose a PIN that's memorable but not trivial; avoid storing it in plaintext. Use device auto-lock features where available.
5. Record the recovery phrase securely (the single most important step)
During initialization the device will display a recovery phrase (24 words for most Ledger firmware). This phrase is the master key to your funds. Write it down on the supplied recovery card or a metal backup — never take a photo or store it digitally. Store physical copies in secure, separate locations (safe, safe-deposit box). Never share the phrase.
6. Confirm the recovery phrase
Ledger will ask you to confirm words from the recovery phrase on the device. This verifies you copied it correctly. If the confirmation fails, start again and generate a new phrase — do not proceed with an incorrect backup.
7. Install apps and add accounts in Ledger Live
Use Ledger Live to install blockchain-specific apps (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) onto your device. Install only apps you need; keep Ledger Live and apps updated. When adding accounts, always verify addresses shown in Ledger Live on the device screen before approving transactions—this prevents malware from substituting addresses.
8. Firmware updates and verifying authenticity
Ledger periodically releases firmware updates. Apply updates only through Ledger Live, and verify that you downloaded Ledger Live from the official site. Firmware updates may include security patches; installing them promptly is important. If a firmware update seems suspicious or fails, consult official support at Ledger Support.
9. Bluetooth (Nano X) — convenience vs. attack surface
Nano X offers Bluetooth for mobile connectivity. Bluetooth increases convenience but slightly expands the attack surface. If you enable Bluetooth, pair only with Ledger Live mobile and keep your phone OS updated. For the highest isolation, use USB-only mode on Nano X or use a Nano S, which lacks Bluetooth.
10. Restore & lost-device planning
If your device is lost or stolen, you can restore accounts on a replacement device using your recovery phrase. Plan ahead: keep recovery phrases secure and consider legal estate planning so beneficiaries can access funds if needed — without compromising security while you're alive.
Troubleshooting — common setup issues
Setup issues often stem from using an outdated Ledger Live, connecting a tampered device, or mixing up recovery words. Clear browser cache, use the official Ledger Live installer, restart the device, and if problems persist consult Ledger Support or search the Ledger FAQ.
Best practices checklist
- Purchase only from Ledger.com or authorized resellers.
- Always use ledger.com/start for setup instructions and downloads.
- Store recovery phrase offline (paper or metal) in secure locations.
- Verify addresses on the device before approving transactions.
- Keep Ledger Live and device firmware up to date.
Following these steps ensures the private keys generated on your Ledger device remain under your control and are never exposed to your computer or the internet in plaintext.